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  <div class="section" id="s-module-django.contrib.gis.measure">
<span id="s-measurement-objects"></span><span id="module-django.contrib.gis.measure"></span><span id="measurement-objects"></span><h1>Measurement Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#module-django.contrib.gis.measure" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-django.contrib.gis.measure" title="django.contrib.gis.measure: GeoDjango's distance and area measurement objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.contrib.gis.measure</span></code></a> module contains objects that allow
for convenient representation of distance and area units of measure. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id3" id="id1">[1]</a>
Specifically, it implements two objects, <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distance</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area</span></code></a> – both of which may be accessed via the
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.D" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.D"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.A" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.A"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code></a> convenience aliases, respectively.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-example">
<span id="example"></span><h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distance</span></code></a> objects may be instantiated using a keyword argument indicating the
context of the units.  In the example below, two different distance objects are
instantiated in units of kilometers (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">km</span></code>) and miles (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mi</span></code>):</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.contrib.gis.measure</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Distance</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">D</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Distance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">km</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">5.0 km</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">D</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># `D` is an alias for `Distance`</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">5.0 mi</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Conversions are easy, just access the preferred unit attribute to get a
converted distance quantity:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Converting 5 kilometers to miles</span>
<span class="go">3.10685596119</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">km</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Converting 5 miles to kilometers</span>
<span class="go">8.04672</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Moreover, arithmetic operations may be performed between the distance
objects:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Adding 5 miles to 5 kilometers</span>
<span class="go">13.04672 km</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d2</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">d1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Subtracting 5 kilometers from 5 miles</span>
<span class="go">1.89314403881 mi</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Two <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distance</span></code></a> objects multiplied together will yield an <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area</span></code></a>
object, which uses squared units of measure:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">d2</span> <span class="c1"># Returns an Area object.</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">40.2336 sq_km</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To determine what the attribute abbreviation of a unit is, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unit_attname</span></code>
class method may be used:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Distance</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unit_attname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;US Survey Foot&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">survey_ft</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Distance</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unit_attname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;centimeter&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">cm</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-supported-units">
<span id="s-id2"></span><span id="supported-units"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2>Supported units<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-units" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<table class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="45%" />
<col width="55%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Unit Attribute</th>
<th class="head">Full name or alias(es)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">km</span></code></td>
<td>Kilometre, Kilometer</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mi</span></code></td>
<td>Mile</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m</span></code></td>
<td>Meter, Metre</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">yd</span></code></td>
<td>Yard</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ft</span></code></td>
<td>Foot, Foot (International)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">survey_ft</span></code></td>
<td>U.S. Foot, US survey foot</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inch</span></code></td>
<td>Inches</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cm</span></code></td>
<td>Centimeter</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mm</span></code></td>
<td>Millimetre, Millimeter</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">um</span></code></td>
<td>Micrometer, Micrometre</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">british_ft</span></code></td>
<td>British foot (Sears 1922)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">british_yd</span></code></td>
<td>British yard (Sears 1922)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">british_chain_sears</span></code></td>
<td>British chain (Sears 1922)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">indian_yd</span></code></td>
<td>Indian yard, Yard (Indian)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sears_yd</span></code></td>
<td>Yard (Sears)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clarke_ft</span></code></td>
<td>Clarke’s Foot</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chain</span></code></td>
<td>Chain</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chain_benoit</span></code></td>
<td>Chain (Benoit)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chain_sears</span></code></td>
<td>Chain (Sears)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">british_chain_benoit</span></code></td>
<td>British chain (Benoit 1895 B)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">british_chain_sears_truncated</span></code></td>
<td>British chain (Sears 1922 truncated)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gold_coast_ft</span></code></td>
<td>Gold Coast foot</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link</span></code></td>
<td>Link</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link_benoit</span></code></td>
<td>Link (Benoit)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link_sears</span></code></td>
<td>Link (Sears)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clarke_link</span></code></td>
<td>Clarke’s link</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fathom</span></code></td>
<td>Fathom</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rod</span></code></td>
<td>Rod</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nm</span></code></td>
<td>Nautical Mile</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nm_uk</span></code></td>
<td>Nautical Mile (UK)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">german_m</span></code></td>
<td>German legal metre</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area</span></code></a> attributes are the same as <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distance</span></code></a> attributes,
except they are prefixed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sq_</span></code> (area units are square in nature).
For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area(sq_m=2)</span></code> creates an <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area</span></code></a> object
representing two square meters.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-measurement-api">
<span id="measurement-api"></span><h2>Measurement API<a class="headerlink" href="#measurement-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="s-distance">
<span id="distance"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distance</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#distance" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">Distance</code>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/django/contrib/gis/measure.html#Distance"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>To initialize a distance object, pass in a keyword corresponding to the
desired <a class="reference internal" href="#supported-units"><span class="std std-ref">unit attribute name</span></a> set with desired
value. For example, the following creates a distance object representing 5
miles:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Distance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance.__getattr__">
<code class="descname">__getattr__</code>(<em>unit_att</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance.__getattr__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Returns the distance value in units corresponding to the given unit
attribute. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dist</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">km</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">8.04672</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="classmethod">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance.unit_attname">
<em class="property">classmethod </em><code class="descname">unit_attname</code>(<em>unit_name</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance.unit_attname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Returns the distance unit attribute name for the given full unit name. For
example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Distance</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unit_attname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Mile&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">&#39;mi&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.D">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">D</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.D" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Alias for <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distance</span></code></a> class.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="s-area">
<span id="area"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#area" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">Area</code>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/django/contrib/gis/measure.html#Area"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>To initialize an area object, pass in a keyword corresponding to the
desired <a class="reference internal" href="#supported-units"><span class="std std-ref">unit attribute name</span></a> set with desired
value. For example, the following creates an area object representing 5
square miles:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Area</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sq_mi</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area.__getattr__">
<code class="descname">__getattr__</code>(<em>unit_att</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area.__getattr__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Returns the area value in units corresponding to the given unit attribute.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sq_km</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">12.949940551680001</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="classmethod">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area.unit_attname">
<em class="property">classmethod </em><code class="descname">unit_attname</code>(<em>unit_name</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area.unit_attname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Returns the area unit attribute name for the given full unit name. For
example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unit_attname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Kilometer&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">&#39;sq_km&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.contrib.gis.measure.A">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">A</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.A" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Alias for <a class="reference internal" href="#django.contrib.gis.measure.Area" title="django.contrib.gis.measure.Area"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Area</span></code></a> class.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id3" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td><a class="reference external" href="https://koordinates.com/">Robert Coup</a> is the initial author of the measure objects,
and was inspired by Brian Beck’s work in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/geopy/geopy/">geopy</a>
and Geoff Biggs’ PhD work on dimensioned units for robotics.</td></tr>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Measurement Objects</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>
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